Wood Gasification Boliers

Wood Gas boilers or gasification boilers use producer gas otherwise also
known as Syngas generated through the exothermic chemical reaction of burning.

The Producer gas is generated  through the use of  biomass
which is a renewable source of energy .

The biomass is available in plenty on the planet and there is no chance
of it being depleted  as long as life is sustained on Earth.

What is so special about Producer gas?

Producer gas is the end product of gasification of biomass.
Biomass could be anything from logs of fire wood to Municipal waste.
The more common biomass fuels used for boilers are Logs, saw dust, briquettes or
Pellets for their convenience of usage and transport.

The typical composition of biomass will be some thing like;

• Cellulose                      -50% (This is the characteristic wall material of plant cells)
• Hemi Cellulose             -25% ( a plant plastic material embedded in plant cell

                                                  walls)

• Lignin                           -25% (a  plant plastic component of secondary plant cell  walls)

This composition may vary to a greater or lesser degree depending on the actual material.
Interestingly all the above three compounds are derived from one or more types of sugars with entrapped solar energy through Photosynthesis.

These solid fuels are gasified in a Boiler resulting in a concoction of gases such as;

• Hydrogen                                 – 18% approx.
• Carbon Monoxide                    - 21 % approx.
• Methane                                   - 03% approx.
• Carbon Dioxide                        - 22% approx.
• Nitrogen                                   - 51% approx.
• Other gases and particulates      - Traces

Of these Hydrogen is the most important as it is said to be about the best gaseous fuel in the whole universe.
It readily associates with the elements Carbon and Oxygen to form CO2 and Water during the process of combustion.

The first three of the above end products of gasification are high energy fuels.

The reaction of burning consists of 3 heat processes. Namely;

• Pyrolysis
• Gasification

and,

• Combustion

Pure Pyrolysis is the process of conversion of the carbon in the Biomass being burned in to gas, Oil and Char. If excess air (in effect Oxygen)
is passed over the burning Biomass “Flaming Combustion” occurs .This is an inefficient burning process where the products of combustion
being CO2, H20 and Heat. If on the other hand insufficient air is passed over the burning fuel the process of “Flaming Pyrolysis” occurs
where the products of combustion will be H2, CO, CH4 and few other bi products as mentioned elsewhere.
When the gaseous mixture ignites vast amounts of useful heat energy is released.

In a Gasification boiler where  as seen all three stages of occur unlike in a conventional wood burning device  where only two stages occur the 
Heat Energy derived is very high in comparison.Therefore the efficiency of the Gasified Boiler may be high as up to 95%.
As the gases may be as high as 1100 0C there is very little chance for incomplete combustion to prevail and the flue gases are therefore are almost colorless.

The Gasification Boiler when using waste wood material and value added products of such waste is economical and will save quite a sum
over the years in fuel expenses.

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