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Biomass Boilers and stoves have been in use in this country for hundreds of years.
It is cheap, renewable and atleast in those days was available literally almost at ones door step. 
The currently popular Gasification Boilers use Biomass as fuel but are much more efficient than
the conventional wood burning boilers.
In a basic sense even wood stoves use gasification though the process is not clearly defined.
Biomass generally used in this part of the world is mainly logs, chopped wood, wood chips, briquettes and Pellets.
However a lot of other Biomass matter may be used depending on the quality of fuel and the convenience of availability.
When logs are used the general size has to be about 150 mm dia X 500 mm long and may be even bigger for larger models.
However the less labor intensive and convenient boiler is the wood pellet burning boiler. Here the size is the normal pellet
size which is 10 mm across x 50 mm length approximately.
Three main types of Biomass
Dry Biomass is nothing but 3 types of organic plastic material in the class of polymers of Poly Sachcharides (sugars).
The Three components and the average ratio of occurrence in a sample is as follows;
- Cellulose -50% (This is the characteristic wall material of plant cells)
- Hemi Cellulose -25% ( a plant material embedded in plant cell walls)
- Lignin -25% (a component of secondary plant cell walls)
When the above material is burnt in an atmosphere of air (as happens in a conventional boiler) it results in the formation of Heat Energy,
CO2 and Water. The produced energy is less and the process which is called Flaming Combustion is not efficient.
On the other hand if the primary burning takes place in a rarefied atmosphere of Air a reaction called
Pyrolysis Combustion results producing a mixture of combustible gases which include Hydrogen,
Carbon Monoxide and Methane. As you may be aware Hydrogen is one the most efficient high energy fuels.
This is also called Gasification.
A domestic type gasification boiler is generally employing a technique called Down Draft design.
(The products of pyrolysis combustion also called pyrolytic wood distillation is drawn down through ceramic
nozzles from the primary chamber by means of forced draft ventilators which encounters counter flowing pyrolytic gases of
temperatures as high as 1100 0C).The process is repeated continuously as long as the gasification in the top chamber takes place.
The ignited superheated gases in the lower chamber pass the thermal energy to the medium of water in the heat exchanger
water jacket for subsequent beneficial use within the building. The Heat transfer to water is so very efficient that the exiting
flue gas is only about 150 0C to 200 0C.
Good quality gasification boilers are made to EN 303-5 or equivalent standards.
More content about Gasification Boilers
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